Publications

Gender regime in Kazakhstan: women's employment in the labor market and child care

Researchers together with an international expert of the center published an article on women's

employment in the labor market and child care

An interview with the Head of the Center for Gender Economics Research (GERC) Maigul Nugmanova was published by the international news agency "kazinform" on the topic "The problem of unpaid work in the household" The text of the interview can be found by clicking on the link

"Gender Statistics: Gender Imbalance in Higher Education"

(Gender statistics: gender imbalance in higher education). The article examines the issue of underrepresentation of women in the higher management of higher education (HE) in Kazakhstan. Research question of the article: "Why are there fewer women in leadership positions in higher educational institutions of Kazakhstan than men?" The current trend of great interest in gender asymmetry in education is supported by the great interest of researchers in the barriers of the so-called "glass ceiling" for women in terms of achieving higher leadership positions. Some researchers suggest that it is almost impossible for women to overcome hidden obstacles in the education system (Ostapenko A.B., 2014). This work explores other factors that require more careful consideration.

"Problems of Kazakhstani mothers-scientists and possible changes in government policy"

The study is devoted to the study of gender differences in the system of higher and postgraduate education, where researchers who are also mothers, the so-called "mother scientists" (mother scholars), remain at a disadvantage. They are forced to publish less than their colleagues and combine several roles,

especially in uncertain times of the COVID-19 pandemic. In recent years, Kazakhstan has seen a sharp increase in the number of doctoral students who have not completed their studies. In particular, this fate is more common for mothers of scientists due to insufficient support from the government.

Despite the fact that the share of women in scientific research is increasing, gender inequality remains at the same level, and women are still inferior to men in the number of publications and citations. Gender imbalance, by the way, took place in the families of scientists long before quarantine. Now, in the light of the pandemic, the urgency of the problem has increased significantly: women have stepped out of their role as scientists and entered the role of mothers.

"ABOUT WOMEN'S UNDERREPRESENTATION IN SCIENCE "

The purpose of the study is to study the factors that predict students' interest in studying the fields of

science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), depending on their socio-economic situation.

The results of the analysis of responses to a survey of 109 female students of technical specialties show that the experience of studying in STEM is positively associated with students' interest in studying STEM fields. Expected results and self-efficacy beliefs positively correlate with students entering STEM fields, but do not distinguish between their interests in fields of study.

Methodology – from a practical point of view, the most popular survey options were used: questionnaires and interviews.

Originality / value of the study – to study this potential effect, the theory of self-determination was used to determine how the learning context affects the social and motivational outcomes of the STEM program for young people with an insufficient level of provision of services.

The results of the study are to strengthen the instrumental role of positive perception of teachers by

teachers in encouraging more desirable self-motivation to participate in the STEM program. In addition, STEM programs should take into account and integrate new approaches that mitigate the negative impact of established structures and processes on students' motivation for these programs and, possibly, interest in STEM careers.

«Gender differences in life expectancy in Kazakhstan in 2018»

Public health policy efforts to reduce excess mortalities from cardiovascular disease, external causes, and diseases of respiratory system among males, and neoplasms and diseases of digestive system among females might narrow the gender gap in life expectancy in Kazakhstan and its regions. In addition, there is high demand for focus on social and economic determinants of the gender gap in mortality, followed by the formation of better policies in narrowing the gender gap in the use of preventive medical care, behavior towards their own health and access to health care and treatment.

"Women's entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan: the state and prospects"

The study is devoted to the study of the state of women's entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan and the

development of recommendations for its development.

Relevance of the research topic. Researchers emphasize the increasing role of women's economic

potential and their contribution to the socio-economic development of the country [1; 2, p. 21]. The

expansion of women's economic opportunities is an important factor in achieving gender equality,

combating poverty among women and solving the problem of female unemployment [3, p. 98; 4, p. 104;

5]. Women's economic empowerment does not eliminate gender inequality, but it is important. In order to increase the effectiveness of women's entrepreneurship in the republic and determine the priority directions of its development, it is necessary to study in-depth all aspects of women's business. An objective study of the processes of formation and functioning of enterprises headed by women will make it possible to correctly substantiate the key areas of entrepreneurial activity in the country.

"Gender Pay Gap"

The relevance of this scientific research is due to the fact that today a woman is actively developing and going beyond the family environment. The current position of Kazakh women in the labor market is characterized by the fact that women's labor is in great demand, but its payment remains at a low level.

Therefore, for Kazakhstan, the gender pay gap has been and remains the main "women's gender

problem".

Women's work has its own specific features, the main of which are grounded in the predominance of

ideas about "women's professions" and in the "double responsibility" of women. In this regard, there is a need to reproduce gender stereotypes that determine and fundamentally change the attitude to the female workforce not only at the macro, but also at the meso and micro levels. At the same time, an important problem remains that it is necessary to find adequate methods and ways to influence the motivation of company managers and employees.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the existing concepts of gender stereotypes and gender

differences in wages, identify the determinants of gender wage gaps, as well as to assess the level of

discrimination against women in Kazakhstan and compare the findings with estimates obtained in other works.

"Grandparent Childcare and Mother's Labor Force Participation - Evidence from Russia"

The document sets out the prerequisites for why it is so important to study the participation of mothers in the workforce from the point of informal and formal child care. The dependence of working mothers on grandparents, referred to in this document as informal child care, and paid child care services, which in this document are called formal, play a huge role in the well-being of their families. Thus, it is important to determine the position of child care in society and its impact not only on children, but also on their parents. The document examines various characteristics of a family depending on the education of the parents, the age of the child, the employment status and the type of settlement. Taking into account these parameters, the work determined the impact of formal and informal childcare on the labor supply of mothers of young children.